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Inca

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		1492 -- The Andes ^Votes:0 1492 -- The Andes The Andes Life in the Highlands Organized states and advanced cultures had long flourished in the Andean mountain region. The semi-arid highlands were the center of the far-flung Inca empire, Tahuantinsuyu , that extended from today's Chile to Colombia. Cuzco, the capital, was located at 10,000 feet above sea level. Impressive adaptations to this unique environment allowed civilizations to thrive at higher altitudes than anywhere else in the world. The Andean peoples had learned to freeze-dry foods by taking advantage of the daily extremes of temperature at high altitudes. They kepts herds of llamas and alpacas in the altiplano , weaving textiles from the wool. Using irrigation and terracing, they developed varieties from the wool. Using irrigation and terracing, they dev Read More Go to Site


		Andean History ^Votes:0 Andean History Andean History Aboriginal societes At the time of the arrival of the first Europeans in the last years of the fifteenth century, the native population of the South America, was estimated to have numbered 10 to 15 million, more than half of whom lived in the the northern and central Andes and adjacent areas. The Indians whom the first European explorers, settlers, and conqueros encountered ranged culturally from extremely primitive nomads (Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego and Amazon Basin) to highly advanced communities of the Inca State (in present-day Peru, northern Chile , Bolivia and Ecuador ) and the Chibchas (of present-day Colombia ). These societies of the Andes are believed to have had rural communities dependent on agriculture as early as 1000 B.C. Inca empire The Inca e Read More Go to Site

		Inca Empire Index ^Votes:0 Index Shades Inca Empire Native Americans Sources Guestbook I Introduction Inca Empire II Origins of the Incas III Inca Civilization A Political Organization B Public Works C Society D Economy E Religion F Science and Arts IV Spanish Conquest Atahualpa Quipu Peru History Pre Columbian Religians , Inca Religion - page top - photos/pictures see alt-tag/mouse-over & Sources © Shades - Design by ChrisTime Read More Go to Site

		Inca mathematics ^Votes:0 " +" " + mess + " Read More Go to Site

		INKA ARCHITECTURE ^Votes:0 INKA ARCHITECTURE, Less is More--Much More! Cyclopean stonework in the walls of the Sacsayhuaman Fortress The essence of Inka architecture cannot be distilled into a single word. Three themes demand recognition: precision, functionality, and austerity. The Inka stonefitters worked stone with a precision unparalleled in human history; their architects clearly esteemed functionality above decoration; yet their constructions achieved breathtaking beauty through austerity of line and juxtaposition of masses. The Inka seem to have presaged Mies Van der Rohe's philosophy of "less is more". The dominant stylistic form in Inka architecture is a simple, but elegantly proportioned trapezoid, which serves the dual ends of functionality and severely restrained decoration. Trapezoidal doorways , window Read More Go to Site

		Inti ^Votes:0 Inti Door to enclosure of Sun temple at Machu Picchu, Peru. Click on image for full size ( 113K JPEG ) Image courtesy of Corel Corporation. Inti was considered the Sun god and the ancestor of the Incas. Inca people were living in South America in the ancient Peru. Inti and his wife Pachamama, the Earth goddess, were regarded as benevolent deities. According to an ancient Inca myth, Inti taught his son Manco Capac and his daughter Mama Ocollo the arts of civilization and sent them to the Earth to instruct mankind about what they had learned. Inti is celebrated even today in Peru during the Festival of Inti Raimi in Cuzco. Inti Door to enclosure of Sun temple at Machu Picchu, Peru. Click on image for full size ( 113K JPEG ) Image courtesy of Corel Corporation. Inti was considered the Sun god Read More Go to Site

		Jesse's Writings Collection ^Votes:0 Jesse's Writings Collection Read More Go to Site

		Kevin Dispatch - May 12, 1999 ^Votes:0 The End of an Incan Era Click on image for larger view By the beginning of the sixteenth century, Tahuantinsuyu (meaning Land of the Four Corners), or the Inca Empire, had reached many of the heights of human accomplishment, and was the greatest empire on the planet. By the time Columbus reached the Americas, the Inca Empire probably surpassed even Ming China and the Ottoman Empire as the largest nation on earth. From the imperial capital of Cuzco, the Incas ruled over northern Chile, upper Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador and southern Colombia. This great empire included the dry Atacama desert in the west, much of the Amazon rainforest to the east, and encompassed the whole of the Andes (the Incas were unique in their mastery of the Andes; no other empire has ever controlled such a great Read More Go to Site

		Machu Picchu ^Votes:0 Machu Picchu, Peru, 40 Pictures of a four hour period . click for the music WAYANAY INKA ...de Los Andes Chuklla (4:21) (music-1) The Flight of the Condor © 1995 WAYANAY INKA Productions (ASCAP All Rights Reserved Machu Picchu A fortress city of the ancient Incas, in a high saddle between two peaks circa 50 miles (80 km) NW of Cuzco, Peru. The extraordinary pre-Columbian ruin, 5 sq. Miles (18 sq. Km.) of terraced stonework link by 3,000 steps; it was virtually intact when discovered by Hiram Bingham in 1911. Machupijchu prologue "After almost four hours by train, on one of the most impressive and spectacular stretches in the world, from high, cold early morning plains down to lush vegetation in the frequently suffocating late morning heat, one arrives at the foot of the mountain Machupijch Read More Go to Site

		Machu Picchu, Peru - Virtual Tour Guide ^Votes:0 Machu Picchu, Home of the Ancients... Note, this page has moved: Read More Go to Site

		Modern History Sourcebook: Pedro de Cieza de L?on: Chronicles of the Incas, 1540 ^Votes:0 Back to Modern History SourceBook Modern History Sourcebook: Pedro de Cieza de L?on: Chronicles of the Incas , 1540 Another view of the Incas, from a conquistador. It provides quite a lot of information about the Incan economy--a redistributive typical of all early civilizations. It is told for a fact of the rulers of this kingdom that in the days of their rule they had their representatives in the capitals of all the provinces, for in all these places there were larger and finer lodgings than in most of the other cities of this great kingdom, and many storehouses. They served as the head of the provinces or regions, and from every so many leagues around the tributes were brought to one of these capitals, and from so many others, to another. This was so well-organized that there was not a Read More Go to Site

		NOVA Online \| Ice Mummies of the Inca \| Lost Empire ^Votes:0 --> The Lost Empire by Liesl Clark The Lost Empire \| The Sacrificial Ceremony \| High Altitude Archaeology \| Burial Artefacts A Flourishing Empire "Land of the Four Quarters" or Tahuantinsuyu is the name the Inca gave to their empire. It stretched north to south some 2,500 miles along the high mountainous Andean range from Colombia to Chile and reached west to east from the dry coastal desert called Atacama to the steamy Amazonian rain forest. At the height of its existence the Inca Empire was the largest nation on Earth and remains the largest native state to have existed in the western hemisphere. The wealth and sophistication of the legendary Inca people lured many anthropologists and archaeologists to the Andean nations in a quest to understand the Inca's advanced ways and what led to t Read More Go to Site

		NOVA Online \| Ice Mummies of the Inca \| The High Mummies ^Votes:0 --> The High Mummies Written By Liesl Clark Mummies of the World \| The High Mummies \| Preserving a Mummy \| Sarita's Land High Sacrifice He has delicate fingers and hugs his knees, one foot over the other, as if to keep warm. His hair is plaited in more than 200 braids, and miniature idols and keepsakes accompany him in his frozen tomb. Dead for 500 years, this Inca sacrificial mummy found on Chile's El Plomo Peak has opened the door to further inquiry into the strange and mysterious ritual life of the Inca. There may be hundreds of Inca children, sacrificed in Inca times nearly 500 years ago, entombed in graves of ice atop the western hemisphere's highest peaks. To date, over 115 sacred Inca ceremonial sites have been excavated at an elevation over 15,000 feet on some 30 Andean peaks. Thes Read More Go to Site

		Peru - The Inca ^Votes:0 Peru - The Inca PERU/BOLIVIA: THE INCAS Known later by the name they used to designate their leader, these Incas rose to power in Cusco. Leading them was Pachacuti a military strategist, statesman, and diplomat of enormous skill. Armies under Pachacuti and his son and successor, Topa Inca, conquered the entire mountainous area from Quito south past Lake Titicaca. Topa Inca also subjugated the coastal kingdom of Chimor, and extended the Inca domain farther south, as well as east to the fringes of Amazonia. At the apex of power stood the emperor, the '' Unique Inca ," a divine representative of the sun. From him control filtered downward through an elite class of nobles. Some were hereditary. Other select groups in conquered lands who were willing to cooperate with their new leaders bec Read More Go to Site

		PRE-COLUMBIAN ANDEAN CIVILIZATION ^Votes:0 PRE-COLUMBIAN ANDEAN CIVILIZATION In its basic elements, ancient Andean civilizations exists geographically much as it is today in Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and parts of Chile, Though we call these civilizations "Andean" it should be pointed out that some of the most important civilizations occurred on the coasts of Peru. The ecological and climatic range of andean civilization is even greater than its geographical dispersal and it extends to cultures found at sea level to cities located at well over 14,000 feet in the Bolivian altiplano. On the coast the Peruvian coastal deserts are extremely arid, fish and seafoods are important staples, as the humbolt current hits the coastline around Paracas and then deflects towards Hawaii. The highlands are characterized by the domestication o Read More Go to Site

		Project: Inca! ^Votes:0 onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('document.Image10','document.Image10','images/cover11_02.jpg','#965560159010')"> onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('document.Image13','document.Image13','images/cover14_02.jpg','#965560183230')"> onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage('document.Image14','document.Image14','images/cover15_02.jpg','#965560193440')"> A sacred journal was found in the darkest realms of a cave in Inca. It depicted the life of Dr. Pratt, a traveller from the present to the past, up to the finest details. As a new age explorer in A.D. 2000, you decided to check out the validity of the journal, with the aid of your newly invented TIME (Teleportational Integration of Minute Elements) machine... Copyright © 2000. Read More Go to Site

		Summer Solstice in Peru/Planeta.com ^Votes:0 Summer Solstice at Sacsahuaman by Bernard Barken Kaufman May 1995 The Inca were the best planners of the South American pre-Columbians and were builders par excellence. By far, the most impressive work left behind by the Inca was their fine stone-fitted architecture. In this they were innovators and had no equal in Latin America. Instead of using adobe brick, as did the Moche, the Chimu and the Nazca, they constructed everything of stone - immense, extremely heavy, smoothly shaped gray-blue stone, precisely cut from large boulders and painstakingly hauled to the construction sites. The means by which they build the trapezoidal walls for their living quarters, storage facilities and temples with stone which individually weighed up to 50 metric tons, and measured 20 feet square, is yet to be Read More Go to Site

		Talking Knots of the Inka ^Votes:0 Home \| Subsccribe \| News \| Shop \| TV \| Events \| Links \| Contact \| Free Info \| Advertise \| Search A publication of the Archaeological Institute of America Email this article Talking Knots of the Inka Volume 49 Number 6, November/December 1996 by Viviano Domenici and Davide Domenici The controversial Naples Manuscript (Viviano Domenici) [LARGER IMAGE, 40K] An Inka accounting system that used knotted strings called quipus to record numerical data has long been known to scholars. The complexity and number of knots indicated the contents of warehouses, the number of taxpayers in a given province, and census figures. Were quipus also used to record calendars, astronomical observations, accounts of battles and dynastic successions, and literature? If so, all knowledge of such use has been lost--o Read More Go to Site

		Untitled Document ^Votes:0 THE ANCIENT WALLS by Richard Nisbet Except where indicated, all photos and text by Richard Nisbet ? 2003 by Richard Nisbet All rights reserved. These pages are set up as a slideshow. Click on "Next" to advance. NEXT And for a different angle on the subject, go to www.cuscotales.com Read More Go to Site

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